Contents

Acknowledgment

Company profile

1) CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT. …………………9

a) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM…………10

(1) Automatic vehicle location

(2) History of vehicle tracking system

(3) The dawn of GPS

(4) A new innovation

(5) The future of vehicle tracking system

b) SYSTEM REQUIREMENT…………………………………………………13

(1) Components

2) CHAPTER-2 Embedded……………………………………………14

(1) Basic of embedded system

(2) History of Embedded System

(3) Embedded System Environment

(4) Features of Embedded System

(5) Hybrid systems:

(6) Examples of Embedded system

3) CHAPTER-3 VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM……………..…18

(1) Definition

(2) GPS vehicle tracking system

4) CHAPTER-4 GPS…………………………………………………..20

(1) What is GPS?

(2) How it works

(3) The GPS satellite system

(4) Sources of GPS signal errors

Contents

Acknowledgment

Company profile

1) CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT. …………………9

a) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM…………10

(1) Automatic vehicle location

(2) History of vehicle tracking system

(3) The dawn of GPS

(4) A new innovation

(5) The future of vehicle tracking system

b) SYSTEM REQUIREMENT…………………………………………………13

(1) Components

2) CHAPTER-2 Embedded……………………………………………14

(1) Basic of embedded system

(2) History of Embedded System

(3) Embedded System Environment

(4) Features of Embedded System

(5) Hybrid systems:

(6) Examples of Embedded system

3) CHAPTER-3 VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM……………..…18

(1) Definition

(2) GPS vehicle tracking system

4) CHAPTER-4 GPS…………………………………………………..20

(1) What is GPS?

(2) How it works

(3) The GPS satellite system

(4) Sources of GPS signal errors

5) CHAPTER-5 GPRS…………………………………………………..24

1) What is GPRS?

2) How its works

3) Hoe to use GPRS

6) CHAPTER-6 DESCRIPTION…………………………………..…..26

a) OVER VIEW OF OUR PROJECT………………………………………………….26

1) Part of project

2) Possible design

3) Active and passive vehicle tracking system

b) DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT…………………….………..……28

1) Block diagram

2) Working of project

3) In-vehicle unit

4) Control unit/Base station unit

5) Data link/communication link

c) KEYBOARD………………………………………………………………32

d) LCD……………………………………………………………………….33

e) MICROCONTROLLER………………………………………………….35

1) General Description Of P89v51rd2……………………………….36

2) Features P89V51RD2

3) Pin functions

4) Memory organization

5) In-System Programming (ISP)

6) Timer Operation

f) GPS MODULE…………………………………………………………44

(1) GT-714FS

(2) Features

(3) Pin assignment

(4) Reference design

(5) Communication specification

g) GPRS MODULE……………………………………………………….51

(1) General description:

(2) Functional description:

(3) RF functionalities:

(4) Base band functionalities:

(5) Interfaces

(6) Power supply

(7) Serial link

( SIM interface

(9) SIM socket connection

(10) On/~off

(11) RF performances

h) MULTIMEDIA CARD …………………………………………………..63

(1) General Description:

(2) Features

(3) SPI mode

7) CHAPTER-7 APPLICATION OF THE PROJECT………………68

(1) Area of application

CHAPTER-8 PROTOCOL…………………………………………72

a) NMEA PROTOCOL……………………………………………………..72

(1) Nmea strings

(2) GGA - Global Positioning System Fix Data:

(3) GLL-latitude and longitude, with time of position fix and status

(4) GSA-GPS dop and active satellites

(5) GSV-GPS satellite in view

(6) RMC-Recommended minimum specific GPS/Transit data

(7) VTG-Course over ground and speed.

( ZDA-Time and Date

b) SPI PROTOCOL…………………………………………………………76

(1) SPI description

I take this opportunity to thank all the intellectuals who guided me during my entire Industrial Training and make it a rejoiced accomplishment.

To begin with Mr. G. C. Jain (M.D.-M.C.B.S.), my special thank to him for providing me such a great opportunity to study the designing and implementation of Embedded Systems in the institute.

I would also like to thank to Mr. Ashok Vaghela & Mr. Rupesh Gajjar for providing me such a wonderful platform at M.C.B.C LTD, Gandhinagar for my Industrial training to expand my horizon and help me penetrate deep into this vast ocean of knowledge and give their important time to me.

Nevertheless, I would also thank Mr. A. H. Dafda as my training guide in college and entire staff of EC Dept. to bear with all my mistakes, shortcomings, and failures and consistently encourage me to perform better.

This training would never have been successful without the support of entire M.C.B.C. family and other trainees. Various facilities provided by the administration like transportation and various entertainment events took care of our comfort and enjoyment.

MAYANK M. LUHAR (04EC020)

Modern Communication and Broadcasting Systems (MCBS) headquartered in Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India instituted in 1985 by professionals and technocrats having engineering experience of more than 20 years from India’s pioneering space technology institutions. MCBS is in the service of communication and broadcasting industry since past 20 years.

Ø MCBS key areas of activities are as follows

Ø Manufacturing of communication and broadcast equipments

Ø Turnkey projects and system integration

Ø Marketing of Hi-tech communication projects

MCBS has successfully accomplished large number of prestigious projects within the stipulated time frame and that has earned the company a very good name with customers as well as suppliers. For more than 20 years of its successful operation MCBS has steadily grown to its present size.

MCBS is in the field of satellite communication / CATV for the last 20 years and we are also one of the largest manufacturer of various size antenna systems in India. Our principals M/s. Azure Shine are also one of the largest manufacturers of Ku-Band Antennas and VSATS and have sold more than 7.5 million antennas in the world market. Azure Shine also has a world-wide patent for rolled-in-edge antennas. MCBS has sold more than 1.5 Million Azure-shine Antennas in the India market in the last 3 years and has orders for almost 250,000 more antennas in various sizes.

MCBS is also the largest supplier of higher-size Antennas using Azure reflectors (90cm+) in India with a satisfied customer-base of more than 200,000 users. The customer list is as diverse as Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), KELTRON (Govt. of Kerala), Govt. of Gujarat, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh, Govt. of Haryana, thousands of end customers and dealers.

We also wish to inform you that we are regularly supplying a good quantity of 60 x 68 and 90 x102 antenna systems to Tata-Sky who had chosen MCBS exclusively for MDU antennas.

Our field experience and projects in almost all states of India have helped us create an insight of our customer’s requirements and with a huge factory set-up at Gandhinagar, Gujarat we manufacture specific mounts as per the requirements of the customer.

We are the first company in India to have tested C-Band on our 90 cms Antennas and have successfully sold a combo of C and Ku in 90 cms to thousands of customers for free-to-air channels.

SALIENT FEATURES OF THE COMPANY:

Ø MCBS is an ISO 9001:2000 company.

Ø MCBS has been working on many complex projects in several remote areas of India especially the rural and tribal areas.

Ø MCBS has developed vast experience in production, after sales service support, marketing, imports and exports, creation of job contract and subcontract for meeting immediate and diverse needs.

Ø MCBS has highly skilled manpower to take care of its operations including system design, consultancy, and turnkey projects.

Ø MCBS has excellent dealer/distributor network throughout India as well as wide network of raw material suppliers in India and abroad.

Ø MCBS has more than 150 field staff for technical support services and has more than 15 project offices throughout India.

MCBS CONTRIBUTIONS COMMUNICATION AND BROADCAST INDUSTRY:

Ø It has introduced SATCOM Antenna systems for S & C band in the early stages (1988). It has thus installed based of more than 75,000 DRS, TVRO, ROT (18’, 12’, 16’, 24’) in the market. These have been used for CATV operation, Distance Learning and satellite Channel reception.

Ø It has manufactured CATV products in the very early stages of CATV industry (1984 onwards) and sold more than a million pieces of Amplifiers & Passives. It has a track record of manufacturing and installing more than 15000 CATV Headends (Analogue) for Cable TV operators in India.

Ø MCBS has introduced Digital Compression Technology in the year 1995 and has established many SATCOM uplink projects for ISRO, VSNL for international gateways.

Ø MCBS has introduced DTH terminals for DD direct plus for Prasar Bharati and sold more than 0.5 million units of these to various customers in India.

Ø MCBS has introduced wireless IP-CCTV for Jail project and established 60 systems in major Jails in Gujarat.

Ø MCBS has designed and developed Video-Audio equipments technology for various LPT & HPT Projects of Prasar Bharati. It has supplied more than 1000 such systems.

Ø MCBS has introduced digital CATV Headends technology and sold more than 25 such Headends and more than 250 Encoders in a short span of 1 year.

Ø MCBS has designed and developed Set Top Box technology for cable, satellite and terrestrial application in the year 2002-03 under financial assistance of ministry of IT.

MCBS R&D DIVISION:

Ø The success of MCBS lies in its R & D activities. MCBS manufacturing a large range of products that are the out comes of its R & D efforts. This in house R & D units of MCBS is approved and recognized by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology Govt. of India.

Ø MCBS has set up an R&D Centre for “Digital Compression Technology Products.

Ø MCBS has been selected and chosen by the Department of Electronics, Ministry of I.T. for Research and Develop of Set Top Boxes for DVB-S, DVB-T & DVB-C applications. MCBS is now concentrating on other advanced technologies for future applications like Fiber Optics equipment, Advanced Video Audio Products, Digital Compression products, TV + IP on DTH.

SUPPORT FOR FOREIGN PRINCIPAL COMPANIES

Ø Thomson Grass Valley, France

Ø NEWTEC Cy., Belgium

Ø FOXCOM, Israel

Ø ADI Video technologies, Israel

Ø International Data casting, Canada

Ø Prodys, Spain

MCBS SERVICES SUPPORT DIVISION PROVIDES FOLLOWING SERVICES:

Ø Installation & Commissioning

Ø Maintenance Preventive and Fault repairs & AMC

Ø Testing & Measurement of equipments and systems

Ø After sales support

Ø Consultancy Services for setting up projects

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOWLEDGE:

Ø National Institute of Communication and Information Technology (NICIT) is a premier technology institute located in Gandhinagar.

Ø NICIT a subsidiary of MCBS established in 2006 has played a pivotal role in training more than 2500 engineers and technicians in electronics, communication, embedded, cable TV, DTH and IT fields.

Ø NICIT runs short duration courses/training program in Embedded Systems, Satcom, DHT, HITS, CATV, IPTV and STB.

Ø NICIT is also a training center for Tata Sky, cable TV seminar/workshop/training, ATMA, and Hughes Net.

NICIT PROGRAM BENEFITS:

Practical project work and in plant training are of vital importance in the advanced technology areas as most colleges and institutes do not have facilities to meet practical training needs.

More than 2000 students have already benefited by our “Training Programs & projects” and are employed with various organizations of repute. Projects are based on advanced technology areas of ICT industry namely IT, Infocomm, Infotainment, Info media, and Info education.

Additional focus is given to students regarding personality development, communications skills, and presentation skills, importance of English language, career guidance and preparation for interview.

Fleet tracking technology has been around for decades, but only recently has it become practical and affordable for even the smallest fleet operators. From the earliest systems of two-way radios to sophisticated GPS and computer tracking of today, vehicle tracking technology has evolved and improved tremendously.

Our project, VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM work on basis of different technology such as , location determination technology like GPS(GLOBLE POSITIONING SYSTEM) for determine current location of vehicle and GPRS (GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE ) for communicate with base station / control unit.

Ø Our project divided in three units:

1. In vehicle unit

2. Control unit / base station unit

3. Communication link

a) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

A vehicle tracking system is an electronic device installed in a vehicle to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle’s location. Most modern vehicle tracking systems use Global Positioning System (GPS) modules for accurate location of the vehicle.

Many systems also combine a communications component such as cellular or satellite transmitters to communicate the vehicle’s location to a remote user. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software.

(1) AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION (AVL)

Many vehicle tracking systems are now using or a form of automatic vehicle location (AVL) to allow for easy location of the vehicle. The GPS satellite system was built and is maintained by government and is available at no cost to civilians. This makes this technology very inexpensive.

Other AVL systems do not require the antenna to be in direct line of sight with the sky.

Terrestrial based systems such as LORAN and LoJack tracking units use radio frequency (RF) transmitters which will transmit through walls, garages, or buildings.

Many police cruisers around the world have a form of AVL tracking as standard equipment in their vehicles.

Some vehicle tracking systems charge the user a monthly subscription for a bundle that includes mapping software, hardware, installation, and tracking service.

Some companies offer units that are paid for upon installation and will continue to work for the life of the vehicle. The decision to adopt an active technology based on RF (e.g. LORAN), satellite or public carrier (e.g., CDMA) is driven by the quantity of information, the frequency of updates, and the physical environment of the device.

For example a fleet manager may want 5 minute updates, telling whether a vehicle is on or off, or may want 30 second updates tracking engine vitals, brake status, container status, vehicle speed and direction and so on.

(2) HISTORY OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

The earliest vehicle tracking systems started with the advent of two way radios. With a radio in each vehicle and a base station, fleet operators could talk to their drivers and map their progress through each day’s route.

Changes and emergent calls could be sent out to the field more easily, making operations more efficient.

The downside, of course, is that radio communications had limitations in distance, accuracy, and the ability to connect with drivers going in and out of their vehicle.

The information received at the base station was only as good as what the drivers provided, and for fleets of any significant size, tracking and mapping progress manually was a challenge.

(3) THE DAWN OF GPS

When GPS tracking became widely available, it transformed the vehicle tracking landscape.

Fleet operators could now locate each vehicle electronically and track it via computer, making it easier to keep track of large numbers of vehicles and verify the information provided by drivers.

Of course the early systems were tremendously expensive, making them far out of reach economically for all but the largest fleets.

As GPS units became smaller and cheaper, and computer tracking capabilities became more advanced and less expensive, the modern fleet tracking systems took shape.

Each vehicle carried a tracking unit that was monitored and information communicated back to the central base station, while the base station expanded in size and complexity to handle the large amounts of information coming in.

Companies that use this type of fleet tracking have to invest significant amounts of capital in the vehicle units as well as the infrastructure for a central base station to monitor and dispatch the fleet.

There are expensive monthly subscription fees as well.

(4) A NEW INNOVATION

A recent innovation in the vehicle tracking industry is transforming the efficiency and affordability of fleet tracking systems.

This new system uses a small tracking unit in the vehicle and a web-based interface that is accessed via a regular mobile telephone.

There is no investment required in expensive central infrastructure and fleet managers can monitor the system from anywhere for no monthly subscription fee.

This allows supervisors and managers to spend more time in the field and less time in the office.

The affordability of this new technology makes it practical for even the smallest fleets.

This in turn brings the benefits of vehicle tracking – less driver downtime, more efficient routing, etc. – to operators of all sizes and compositions

(5) THE FUTURE OF VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

Of course nobody can predict the future with 100% accuracy, but most Industry experts agree that the new wave of technology is leading vehicle tracking into a new era of convenience and affordability.

For the first time ever, small and medium fleets can afford to adopt vehicle tracking and enjoy the many benefits that come along with greater efficiency.